Posts tagged sex offenders
Thoughts on chemical castration
May 29th
Prof. Berman points to this story out of Oregon (via Corrections Sentencing) which says that the state is considering employing chemical castration to prevent “high-risk” offenders from re-offending.
The state is close to approving a Corrections Department budget that includes money to expand the state’s chemical castration program. If passed, the state would pay for high-risk sex offenders to receive twice-monthly shots of Depo-Provera, a testosterone-reducing drug.
Depo-Provera, originally developed as a contraceptive for women, creates sexual apathy in men by reducing the level of testosterone. European countries have used the drug since the 1960s to treat sex offenders. It’s less popular in the U.S., and Oregon is one of fewer than 10 states reported to have chemical castration laws.
Prof. Berman asks whether chemical castration (if proven to work) should be employed (actually, why shouldn’t it be). As readers might guess, I am uneasy with this proposition. There are several assumptions here: That we know that “high-risk” offenders will re-offend; that all “high-risk” offenders will re-offend. This does dip into some “Minority Report” territory. I’m quite uneasy by the idea that we will assume that all high-risk offenders are going to re-offend and we need to stop that by subduing the sexual urge by reducing levels of testosterone.
Those are some mighty assumptions and I’m uncomfortable with that. There are (have to be) better alternatives to this. What if we have an offender that, despite being “high-risk” is rehabilitated and wishes to live a normal life? I see visions of Buck v. Bell.
Btw, here are resources for chemical castration and resources against chemical castration.
Tell me how I’m wrong.
First Myspace purge casualty
May 26th
“Who me?
Yes you!
Couldn’t be!
Then who?”
goes the familiar poem. Except MySpace didn’t ask that last question. In fact, MySpace (after erroneously deleting a young woman’s profile), didn’t say much of anything to her. This is what I was afraid of.
In MySpace’s “search and removal” of sex offender profiles with the assistance of Sentinel, there was a legitimate concern that there would be incorrect matches and people who were not sex offenders would get caught in the net.
Jessica Davis experienced just that.
It took nearly a week for Jessica Davis to get an explanation about why MySpace had labeled her a sex offender and pulled her profile from the social networking Web site.And when her name was finally cleared, it wasn’t because of anything MySpace did.
In fact, the response she got from MySpace simply said:
Your profile has therefore been removed from MySpace.com. Please do not attempt to re-register on MySpace.com. Registered sex offenders are not allowed on MySpace.If you believe this designation was made in error, you may appeal your removal by writing to AccountSafe@myspace.com within 14 days. Please note that if you make a false appeal, MySpace may bring this to the attention of the appropriate law enforcement authorities.
So why did she get flagged? Well, there is a Jessica Dawn Davis who is a registered sex offender. Their birth dates are two days and two years apart and they live in (the entire State of) Florida at “roughly the same time”, according to Sentinel’s CEO. Awesome.
Let’s ignore the fact that they don’t really look anything alike. (See picture above – courtesy abcnews.com). As far as I can find, her profile hasn’t been restored and she has had to spend two weeks to clear her name. Guilty until proven innocent, indeed.
CT House passes bill requiring registration of e-mail address
May 25th
Yesterday, CT’s house of representatives passed HB 7085 unanimously (search for 7085), which requires that sex offenders register their “electronic mail address, instant message address or other similar Internet communication identifier, if any“. The bill, however, states that such “identifiers” shall not be public records. It now awaits a vote in the Senate.
For what it’s worth, Myspace supports this bill.
Also, this bill confers residency restriction determinations on the Risk Assessment Board.
(d) The board shall use the risk assessment scale to determine which offenders should be prohibited from residing within one thousand feet of the real property comprising a public or private elementary or secondary school or a facility providing child day care services, as defined in section 19a-77.
It also makes computer techs mandatory reporters.
Sigh.
Previous coverage: “proposed legislation” category.
MySpace saga
May 16th
It really has become a saga. The internet is abuzz with it. First, eight attorneys general requested [pdf of request] that Myspace turn over the data it has collected via the Sentinel database of registered sex offenders on MySpace.Then, MySpace said that it had deleted sexual predator profiles.
The action comes a day after eight U.S. attorneys general demanded that the News Corp.-owned company hand over offenders’ names and addresses, and delete their profiles from among MySpace’s 175 million user base.”We’ve made it clear we have a zero tolerance policy against convicted sex offenders,” MySpace Chief Security Officer Hemanshu Nigam said in a phone interview on Tuesday. “We’ve said numerous times that the goal was to delete them.”
Finally, MySpace refused to turn over the data to the attorneys general, saying that it was prohibited by Federal privacy laws from doing so, unless ordered to via subpoena or warrant.
Christian Genetski, an attorney who has represented MySpace, said the Electronic Communications Privacy Act requires subpoenas, court orders or search warrants, depending on the information sought.”It’s a clearly defined law that most providers and prosecutors understand and work with on a daily basis,” said Genetski, who covers information security and Internet enforcement at a firm in Washington, D.C. “My understanding is (the attorneys general) want the private personal information, and that’s clearly the information the ECPA protects.”
Okay. So you probably know all of this already. So what do I think of it? I think the AsG are barking up the wrong tree. Really, how difficult is it for anyone to create a profile on MySpace? It doesn’t require that you enter your actual real first name (and I doubt that they can require that anyway) or last name or your real age (if you lie about it, so what? They’ll boot you. Boohoo.) or where you live or anything. Try it. Set up a completely fictitious profile on MySpace. What’s that going to get them? How are they going to prove that it was indeed the sexual predators that set up these profiles? It may just serve to publicize the issue, which may not be a bad tactic if that the was the goal.
What bothers me is those that may have inadvertently been deleted during MySpace’s “purge” of sexual predators. Then you’re almost forced to provide your real information to exonerate yourself. That’s guilty until proven innocent.
Instead of hounding MySpace, hound parents. Yeah, those people whose jobs the State is being forced to do. Perhaps parents need a “how to protect your kids from the dangers of the internet” class. Don’t talk to strangers. Don’t be an idiot and give out your personal information to strangers on the web. Don’t talk to strangers on the phone. Don’t agree to meet strangers alone. Yada, yada, yada.
In loco parentis no more.
For additional coverage, see SOI, Windypundit, SexCrimes and my previous post.
Edit: So, in hindsight, maybe my tone was a little harsh toward parents. My point still remains, though. Greater control at home means less problems on the internet.
Behind the picket fence
May 6th
Today’s Sunday Globe Magazine has a wonderfully insightful and detailed article on residency restrictions and their effectiveness.
The residency laws bring up serious civil liberties concerns, including that these measures apply to convicts after they have been punished and released and served their parole, and that in many cases, homeowners are exempt while renters may be required to move. And then there’s the fact that this type of post-release regulation doesn’t exist for other criminal classes: We don’t prohibit arsonists from living near gas stations.
But a less-discussed argument against the laws is that they don’t actually work to prevent sex crimes against children. Studies have shown, for example, that the majority of these crimes are perpetrated by family members or acquaintances, that many sex crimes are never reported, and that sex offenders often molest outside the area where they live. Some scholars go so far as to say that the measures could put children in greater danger, not less – because the sex offenders go underground, because therapy works to prevent re-offense, and because limited resources are wasted enforcing the laws. “There is no evidence that residency restrictions work, and there are some pretty good arguments why they are not likely to be effective,†says David Finkelhor, the director of the Crimes Against Children Research Center at the University of New Hampshire. “No one who has any real professional experience in the management of sex offenders thinks these laws make much sense.â€
The article traces the history of Megan’s Laws and the recent residency restriction laws, has quotes from legislators, LEO, parents, offenders, psychiatrists and professors, and cites the recent Bureau of Justice Statistics. It attempts to dispel some of the myths surrounding these laws.
The public also needs to know that children are getting safer. According to the Children’s Bureau of the Department of Health and Human Services, sex crimes of all kinds have dropped substantially since the mid-1990s, after increasing between 1977 and 1991. Between 1991 and 2005, the most recent year for which data are available, substantiated sexual abuse cases dropped by 51 percent. The decline, says David Finkelhor of the University of New Hampshire, is due to the increased incarceration of sex offenders, more intervention and prevention efforts, and better mental health treatment, including more widespread use of antidepressants and other psychiatric medicines. Residency restrictions didn’t do a thing to help.
Technorati Tags: sex offenders, residency restrictions
Megan’s law may not have had much of an impact
May 6th
Phase one of the federally funded NJ study of the effectiveness of Megan’s Law is complete and the results are interesting.
A declining trend of sex attacks on children began before the law took effect and has continued, raising the suggestion that New Jersey’s Megan’s Law – one of the first laws of its kind in the nation – may not have influenced the trend, researchers say.
“We don’t know whether Megan’s Law really works,” said Witt [a consultant on the study], who helped create the risk-assessment system used by New Jersey’s courts to classify sex offenders.
“Just a few studies have looked at whether community notification laws are effective,” he said. “I believe they have very little effect.”
The first phase charted sex offenses in the decade before 1994 and the decade after.
Researchers said they were surprised to find that a steady decline in sex crimes across New Jersey had begun in 1991 – three years before Megan’s Law.
Sex offenses against children have also declined since Megan’s Law was enacted, but there has been no way to know whether that’s because of the law.
“Sex-offender rates are down, and we can’t attribute it to Megan’s Law,” said Kristen Zgoba, a Corrections Department researcher leading the study. “Is it worth the amount of money and manpower we’re pouring into it?”
Nationally, sex offenses against children fell 49 percent between 1990 and 2004, according to the Crimes Against Children Research Center at the University of New Hampshire. Meanwhile, the broad category of violent crime in the United States also plunged, according to government figures.
If only more states were to conduct such a study, so we can get a better idea of whether Megan’s Law does lead to reduction in crime. I suspect that even if there is a decline that can be attributed to Megan’s Law, it will be negligible.
Iowa: It’s like you’re always stuck in second gear*
Apr 25th
Iowa was supposed to be on the forefront of the “revisit residency restrictions” movement. Iowa was supposed to be the vanguard of the sensible restrictions movement. Iowa was supposed to show the rest of the country that these draconian laws don’t work and here’s how to do it.
Unfortunately, not so fast. It seems that – as all hot button political issues go – this has become politicized and stuck in a quagmire (For those keeping track, that’s two sitcom references).
Iowa sheriffs and prosecutors on Monday blasted lawmakers for failing to roll back a controversial and politically charged law restricting where sex offenders can live.
“They’re just afraid to take action, and the people of Iowa should be ashamed,” said Story County Sheriff Paul Fitzgerald. “It’s absolutely politics at its worst.”
Earlier this year, the bipartisan panel heard during a series of public meetings from a number of groups – sex offender experts, statewide law enforcement associations, prevention experts and victims – who uniformly criticized the state law banning sex offenders from living within 2,000 feet of schools or child care centers.
However, those on the other side of the aisle are firm in their belief that this is not what the residents of Iowa want.
But Senate Minority Leader Mary Lundby of Marion said Republicans would resist any attempt to repeal the 2,000-foot law, which went into effect in 2005. Lundby said her belief is that people do not support such a move.
“My message hasn’t changed since the beginning of the session,” she said. “We will support additional spending for monitoring (sex offenders) and additional assessment, but people across the aisle don’t want them in their neighborhoods, period.”
It will be very interesting to see how this all plays out – with the end of session on Friday.
See also: SexCrimes and Corrections Sentencing
Previous coverage:
*My sincerest apologies to those that had repressed any memory of that song and that show.
Maine to review scores of sex offender bills
Apr 18th
Maine legislators will begin to review several sex offender bills, including the constitutionality of residency restrictions, when session begins next week. Among the highlights:
- New crime of loitering in a child safe zone
- Tiered risk assessment
- Constitutionality of residency restrictions
Glad to see that more legislatures are beginning to pick up on the fact that these measures don’t really do anything.
Update: While I’m on the subject, here’s another opinion piece coming out against residency restrictions (thanks to Ilah).
No research has evaluated the impact of residency restrictions on recidivism. An Arizona study found child molesters were more likely than rapists to live near schools. The Arizona study did not explore recidivism, however, or other factors affecting sex offenders’ housing choices. No link between residency restrictions and sexual recidivism has been established. Colorado and Minnesota studied this issue prior to enacting residency restriction laws. Researchers found that such laws were not a strategy for preventing sex crimes but found individualized restrictions may be appropriate.No viable research examines the efficacy of residence restrictions. Research does identify unintended consequences. According to a Florida study involving sex offenders on probation, one quarter reported relocating because of the state’s law. Nearly half reported they could not reside with family. Fifty-seven percent reported less available affordable housing, leading to isolation and stress.
In conclusion he writes:
Residency restrictions disrupt offender stability and often isolate sex offenders from their support systems. While isolation from family is often initially appropriate for family safety, this should be based on risk assessments rather than all encompassing laws. Residency restrictions remove offenders from employment and public transportation, creating financial stress, a dynamic risk factor associated with reoffense. Stable employment and housing are essential for offenders to successfully transition into the community.
Technorati Tags: sex offenders, residency restrictions
Studies on efficacy of registries and residency restrictions
Apr 15th
Update: Reader “Ilah” has sent quite a few more my way.
- Report from Colorado SO Management Board, 2004 [pdf]
- Sex Offender Residency Restrictions, Jill Levinson, Ph.D., 2006 [pdf]
- Iowa County Attorneys Association Statement, 2006 [pdf]
- Statement of New Jersey Public Defender’s Office, 2005 [pdf]
Original post: Helpful reader “Oneandonly” points to two studies that conclude that residency restrictions have no impact on sex offenses. Unfortunately, neither one has a date on it, so I’m not sure how recent they are (In fact, the first one is available only via Google’s cache). Does anyone know of any other studies that are being conducted or have been conducted on the effectiveness of residency restrictions and sex offender registries?
This, I think, is a vital point in the discourse over the need for such measures. If they are found to be beneficial, then the argument against them loses some ground, but if they are found to make no difference or even worsen the situation, then obviously there needs to be a stronger push against them.
If you know of any such studies, leave a comment or send me an e-mail.
Technorati Tags: sex offenders, residency restrictions, effectiveness studies
Sex offender not allowed to go back to jail
Apr 13th
One of the sex offenders living under Florida’s Julia Tuttle Causeway motioned the court to allow him to return to jail. The court refused his request. The only article I can find on this has no further information on the judge’s reasoning for the denial and I think I understand the court’s hesitance to return someone to jail who has been paroled and has not yet committed a crime, but c’mon, something has to be done.
How long will these 5 men live under a bridge? A bridge, for cryin’ out loud! The state really needs to step up and do something here. Find a shelter for these men, preferably. At least Mr. Morales was nice enough to ask the judge. Next time, he might be forced to commit a crime to get back to jail and then we know what everyone will say.
Previous coverage:
Technorati Tags: sex offenders, residency restrictions, florida
“Acceptable” registries and residency restrictions
Apr 12th
Ever since Steve posted his opinion on what would be sensible registry and residency restriction legislation, I’ve been thinking about what I’d like to see implemented. Today, I have a few ideas.
1. Mandatory risk-assessment: Every inmate shall have his case presented to a risk assessment panel no later than 6 months prior to his or her release date. The panel shall consist of previously appointed individuals from the board of parole.
2. Criteria to be examined: The age of the offender; the age of the victim; degree of kinship (if any); prior sexual offenses; length of sentence; ties to the community; job experience; potential for re-employment; programs availed of during incarceration; allocution; victim statement, if any; conditions of probation.
3. Statutory exemptions: Offenders convicted of “statutory rape” where the sexual contact was consensual are automatically exempt from any registration and registry requirements.
4. Risk level scores to be assigned (tiered system): The risk assessment panel shall assign a risk level score to each offender. The scale shall be as follows: 1 – low level offender; 2 – mid level offender; 3 – high level offender.
5. Low level offenders shall be required to register for only 2 years, but the registration will not be publicly available and shall not have any residency restrictions imposed on them.
6. Mid level offenders shall be required to register for 5 years and will not be permitted to reside within 1000 feet of schools or playgrounds. Mid level offenders will also not be permitted to work where they will come in contact with minors under the age of 16.
7. High level offenders shall be required to register for 20 years and will not be permitted to reside within 2000 feet of schools or playgrounds. These offenders shall also not be permitted to work where they will come in contact with minors.
8. All offenders shall be permitted to return to their existing residences if they have resided there for more than 5 years prior to the date of the offense, unless the victim of their offense lives within 2000 feet.
9. The registration of all mid-level and high-level offenders shall be available to the public.
10. Requirements for obtaining information: Any member of the public seeking information on mid-level and high-level offenders shall be required to provide a name, valid address and proof that a child under the age of 16 resides in their home.
11. The Department of Corrections shall be charged with the task of ensuring that all sex offenders are given adequate training in vocations that does not require contact with minors.
12. Parents will be charged with the task of educating their children about not talking to strangers and not getting into strangers’ cars.
13. Penalty for misuse: Anyone using publicly available information to threaten, harass or injure a released sex offender shall be guilty of the offense corresponding to their actions, or a Class D felony, whichever is greater.
Ugh. I had more, but I received a phone call and now I’ve lost my train of thought. Anyway, what do you guys think? A little crazy? Too liberal?
yet another sex offender bill
Apr 10th
CT seems to be in the grasp of a storm to pass as much sex offender legislation as it can this session. Another bill proposed yesterday is aimed at making details of convictions more easily available.
Connecticut lawmakers are considering a number of bills that would provide more information about sex offenders and control where they can live.Barbara Bonin, of Sterling, has three children all under the age of 6. When she moved to Sterling’s Oneco neighborhood near the Rhode Island border, she wanted a safe place to raise her children.
“We looked at the school system here … We looked for the sex offenders. We looked for the crime rates,” Bonin said.
At the time, no sex offenders lived near her home. Bonin said the neighborhood has recently changed and that she was asked if she recognized a man in a photograph. She didn’t recognize the man but was curious.
She learned that the man in the picture, Michael Rose, is a registered sex offender.
“I was very upset,” Bonin said. “I was beyond upset.”
So she has a right to live there, but he doesn’t. Here’s another dangerous idea: tying sex offenders into housing markets. This is added incentive for towns to pass residency restrictions prohibiting sex offenders from living within their boundaries.
As to the bill itself, I think it might have some value. For example, in the case that is the focus of the story:
Currently, the registry only lists Rose’s offenses as a sex assault in the third-degree. To find out the specific charges, you have to pay $25 to the state police for a criminal history.Eyewitness News paid the fee and learned that Rose has been arrested eight times since 1981 on a variety of drug and sexual assault charges. No where in his rap sheet does it indicate any charges involving a minor.
I have a new idea! If you want information about sex offenders (or more specifically those convicted of offenses involving minors) you have to register with your name and address and provide proof that you have a child under the age of 16 living in your house. How’s that?
Technorati Tags: connecticut, legislation, sex offenders, residency restrictions
Impact of sex offender restrictions a worry
Apr 8th
Worcester, MA is concerned about the impact of neighboring towns’ sex offender residency restrictions. Worcester’s Councilor-at-Large, Kathleen Toomey, is asking the city manager to report on what the impact on the city could be.
Ms. Toomey said, “I’m concerned about the impact on Worcester. … If those were enacted, does that mean that they would be moving to Worcester if they were not welcomed in their existing communities?“Worcester already has a fair number of existing sex offenders. I don’t want us to have to take any more than we have to.â€
She seems cognizant of many of the problems associated with residency restrictions, including the fact that law enforcement finds it difficult to keep track of offenders forced to move out of their homes.
Ms. Toomey said she does not know what the city should do about the potential impact of sex offenders coming here.“I’m not asking for anything,†she said. “I understand there’s a fine line between civil rights and protecting the citizens of the community.†Ms. Toomey said she is aware that some police fear that restrictions on where sex offenders can live could drive them underground and make them harder to keep track of.
“I’m looking for information and a discussion,†she said.
If people get overly restricted where they live, Ms. Toomey said, it would be natural for them to move to a city the size of Worcester, where they could blend in anonymously.
Technorati Tags: massachussetts, residency restrictions, sex offenders
Florida housing sex offenders under a bridge
Apr 5th
It has happened. I have joked on many-a-occasion that with residency restriction laws the way they are, sex offenders will soon be living on the sides of highways and under bridges or in Montanta/Wyoming. I have never been sorrier to be correct. The blogosphere and mainstream media have picked up the latest news out of Florida that the state is “housing” sex offenders under a bridge:
The Florida Department of Corrections says there are fewer and fewer places in Miami-Dade County where sex offenders can live because the county has some of the strongest restrictions against this kind of criminal in the country.Florida’s solution: house the convicted felons under a bridge that forms one part of the causeway.
Five men — all registered sex offenders convicted of abusing children — live along the causeway because there is a housing shortage for Miami’s least welcome residents.
“I got nowhere I can go!” says sex offender Rene Matamoros, who lives with his dog on the shore where Biscayne Bay meets the causeway.
This is absolutely absurd and has got to stop. Enough is enough.
With nowhere to put these men, the Department of Corrections moved them under the Julia Tuttle Causeway. With the roar of cars passing overhead, convicted sex offender Kevin Morales sleeps in a chair to keep the rats off him.”The rodents come up next to you, you could be sleeping the whole night and they could be nibbling on you,” he said.
Morales has been homeless and living under the causeway for about three weeks. He works, has a car and had a rented apartment but was forced to move after the Department of Corrections said a swimming pool in his building put him too close to children.
The convicted felons may not be locked up anymore, but they say it’s not much of an improvement.
“Jail is anytime much better than this, than the life than I’m living here now,” Morales said. “[In jail] I can sleep better. I get fed three times a day. I can shower anytime that I want to.”
I think I will be sick.
Related:
CT Risk Assessment Board given more time
Apr 4th
HB 7408 seeks to give the Risk Assessment Board (who knew we had one!) until October 1, 2007 to submit its report. This is great news. For one, I had no idea a Risk Assessment Board for sex offenders existed and secondly, the more time they have to soak in the national debate and make a recommendation, the better. The RAB has the following duties:
The board shall develop a risk assessment scale that assigns weights to various risk factors including, but not limited to, the seriousness of the offense, the offender’s prior offense history, the offender’s characteristics, the availability of community supports, whether the offender has indicated or credible evidence in the record indicates that the offender will reoffend if released into the community and whether the offender demonstrates a physical condition that minimizes the risk of reoffending, and specifies the risk level to which offenders with various risk assessment scores shall be assigned.The board shall use the risk assessment scale to assess the risk of re-offending of each person subject to registration under this chapter, including incarcerated offenders who are within one year of their estimated release date, and assign each such person a risk level of high, medium or low.
The Board will have to report by October
- Whether information about sexual offenders assigned a risk level of high, medium or low should be made available to the public through the Internet;
- The types of information about sexual offenders that should be made available to the public through the Internet which may include, but not be limited to,
- (A) the name, residential address, physical description and photograph of the registrant,
- (B) the offense or offenses of which the registrant was convicted or found not guilty by reason of mental disease or defect that required registration under this chapter,
- (C) a brief description of the facts and circumstances of such offense or offenses,
- (D) the criminal record of the registrant with respect to any prior convictions or findings of not guilty by reason of mental disease or defect for the commission of an offense requiring registration under this chapter, and
- (E) the name of the registrant’s supervising correctional, probation or parole officer, and contact information for such officer;
- Whether any of the persons assigned a high risk level by the board pursuant to subsection (c) of this section meets the criteria for civil commitment pursuant to section 17a-498;
- Whether additional restrictions should be placed on persons subject to registration under this chapter such as curfews and intensive monitoring on certain holidays; [and]
- Whether persons convicted of a sexual offense who pose a high risk of reoffending should be required to register under this chapter regardless of when they were convicted or released into the community; and
- Whether persons determined to be guilty with adjudication withheld in any other state or jurisdiction of any crime the essential elements of which are substantially the same as any of the crimes specified in subdivisions (2), (5) and (11) of section 54-250 should be required to register under this chapter.
Fantastic! I love this. A tiered system for sex offenders based on risk levels is optimal and I’m glad the state is taking a step in the right direction.
Technorati Tags: sex offenders, tiered system, risk assessment


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