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	<title>Comments on: IAC during plea bargaining</title>
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	<link>http://apublicdefender.com/2007/11/05/iac-during-plea-bargaining/</link>
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	<pubDate>Fri, 05 Dec 2008 12:31:18 +0000</pubDate>
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		<title>By: Roth-very narrow &#124; a public defender</title>
		<link>http://apublicdefender.com/2007/11/05/iac-during-plea-bargaining/#comment-33832</link>
		<dc:creator>Roth-very narrow &#124; a public defender</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 24 Jun 2008 00:12:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://apublicdefender.com/2007/11/05/iac-during-plea-bargaining/#comment-33832</guid>
		<description>[...] system would not function. See previous post on IAC during plea bargaining for [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] system would not function. See previous post on IAC during plea bargaining for [...]</p>
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		<title>By: Tom Stokes</title>
		<link>http://apublicdefender.com/2007/11/05/iac-during-plea-bargaining/#comment-13226</link>
		<dc:creator>Tom Stokes</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 15 Jan 2008 08:16:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://apublicdefender.com/2007/11/05/iac-during-plea-bargaining/#comment-13226</guid>
		<description>First, the 6A right to counsel is not merely an assurance of a fair trial. Effective representation is a right for all "critical stages" of the prosecution, which would include plea bargains. See Kirby v. IL. Even a textualist should be able to see that the 6A guarantees counsel "in all criminal prosecutions" and is not limited to merely the trial setting. See US Const. amend. VI.

Second, the question presented in the cert petition posits that it can be shown "but for" the ineffectiveness, the defendant would have plead. If such a fact is established, there is little worry about in regards to the "two bite" argument.    
                                  See my case details at www.exposedinjustice.com  A case where the states Attorney and Judge knew that a public defender was under investigation for sexual misconduct but still allowed him to stand for accused in court.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>First, the 6A right to counsel is not merely an assurance of a fair trial. Effective representation is a right for all &#8220;critical stages&#8221; of the prosecution, which would include plea bargains. See Kirby v. IL. Even a textualist should be able to see that the 6A guarantees counsel &#8220;in all criminal prosecutions&#8221; and is not limited to merely the trial setting. See US Const. amend. VI.</p>
<p>Second, the question presented in the cert petition posits that it can be shown &#8220;but for&#8221; the ineffectiveness, the defendant would have plead. If such a fact is established, there is little worry about in regards to the &#8220;two bite&#8221; argument.<br />
                                  See my case details at <a href="http://www.exposedinjustice.com" rel="nofollow">http://www.exposedinjustice.com</a>  A case where the states Attorney and Judge knew that a public defender was under investigation for sexual misconduct but still allowed him to stand for accused in court.</p>
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		<title>By: IAC during plea bargaining: Maybe some other time &#124; a public defender</title>
		<link>http://apublicdefender.com/2007/11/05/iac-during-plea-bargaining/#comment-9594</link>
		<dc:creator>IAC during plea bargaining: Maybe some other time &#124; a public defender</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 06 Dec 2007 23:48:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://apublicdefender.com/2007/11/05/iac-during-plea-bargaining/#comment-9594</guid>
		<description>[...] of SCOTUS today. The IAC during plea bargaining case, Arave v. Hoffman, reported with much fanfare here, may not go forward after all. Per Scotusblog (via SL&#38;P), attorneys for both sides have asked [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] of SCOTUS today. The IAC during plea bargaining case, Arave v. Hoffman, reported with much fanfare here, may not go forward after all. Per Scotusblog (via SL&amp;P), attorneys for both sides have asked [...]</p>
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		<title>By: SPO</title>
		<link>http://apublicdefender.com/2007/11/05/iac-during-plea-bargaining/#comment-7904</link>
		<dc:creator>SPO</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 08 Nov 2007 02:06:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://apublicdefender.com/2007/11/05/iac-during-plea-bargaining/#comment-7904</guid>
		<description>Overcoming Cronic is a bit more difficult than anticipated, huh?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Overcoming Cronic is a bit more difficult than anticipated, huh?</p>
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		<title>By: SPO</title>
		<link>http://apublicdefender.com/2007/11/05/iac-during-plea-bargaining/#comment-7843</link>
		<dc:creator>SPO</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 06 Nov 2007 23:05:15 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://apublicdefender.com/2007/11/05/iac-during-plea-bargaining/#comment-7843</guid>
		<description>But there's the harm analysis . . . .  and it's not so easy as saying "but for . . . ."--the harm has to affect the reliability of the judgment.  And here it does not.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>But there&#8217;s the harm analysis . . . .  and it&#8217;s not so easy as saying &#8220;but for . . . .&#8221;&#8211;the harm has to affect the reliability of the judgment.  And here it does not.</p>
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		<title>By: Gideon</title>
		<link>http://apublicdefender.com/2007/11/05/iac-during-plea-bargaining/#comment-7837</link>
		<dc:creator>Gideon</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 06 Nov 2007 21:47:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://apublicdefender.com/2007/11/05/iac-during-plea-bargaining/#comment-7837</guid>
		<description>[quote comment="7835"]Because I think you're misreading the precedent.  The right is not to effective assistance of counsel in the abstract.  The right is to have your conviction overturned if IAC caused the defendant harm, i.e., resulted in a result that was not reliable.  Here, we have a result that IS reliable.  Ergo, no claim.

You can criticize this as overly formalistic, but the bottom line is that to rule for the defendant in Hoffman would be a significant expansion.  The right to effective assistance is to make sure that defendants get fair trials (and when I say trials, i mean all of the pretrial crap going along with it, e.g., suppression, alibi etc.) or plead guilty with their eyes open.  When a defendant fails to accept a plea and then claims IAC (to say nothing of his "having his cake and eating it too"--i.e., he got to roll the dice at trial, and he got a good deal) and gets a fair trial, then he has gotten what was promised him by the constitution, i.e., a reliable determination of guilt, which is all the Constitution promises.  Remember, you have to prove more than simply ineffective rep--you have to prove harm, and the harm has to go to the reliability of the judgment.  Here, there's none of that.

I seem to recall earlier that you were quite sure of yourself.  I sense some slippage.[/quote]

I'll address the rest later, but there is no slippage. I am pretty sure that there is (or has to be) right to effective assistance of counsel at all stages and that includes pre-trial/plea bargaining.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[quote comment="7835"]Because I think you&#8217;re misreading the precedent.  The right is not to effective assistance of counsel in the abstract.  The right is to have your conviction overturned if IAC caused the defendant harm, i.e., resulted in a result that was not reliable.  Here, we have a result that IS reliable.  Ergo, no claim.</p>
<p>You can criticize this as overly formalistic, but the bottom line is that to rule for the defendant in Hoffman would be a significant expansion.  The right to effective assistance is to make sure that defendants get fair trials (and when I say trials, i mean all of the pretrial crap going along with it, e.g., suppression, alibi etc.) or plead guilty with their eyes open.  When a defendant fails to accept a plea and then claims IAC (to say nothing of his &#8220;having his cake and eating it too&#8221;&#8211;i.e., he got to roll the dice at trial, and he got a good deal) and gets a fair trial, then he has gotten what was promised him by the constitution, i.e., a reliable determination of guilt, which is all the Constitution promises.  Remember, you have to prove more than simply ineffective rep&#8211;you have to prove harm, and the harm has to go to the reliability of the judgment.  Here, there&#8217;s none of that.</p>
<p>I seem to recall earlier that you were quite sure of yourself.  I sense some slippage.[/quote]</p>
<p>I&#8217;ll address the rest later, but there is no slippage. I am pretty sure that there is (or has to be) right to effective assistance of counsel at all stages and that includes pre-trial/plea bargaining.</p>
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		<title>By: SPO</title>
		<link>http://apublicdefender.com/2007/11/05/iac-during-plea-bargaining/#comment-7835</link>
		<dc:creator>SPO</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 06 Nov 2007 21:44:36 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://apublicdefender.com/2007/11/05/iac-during-plea-bargaining/#comment-7835</guid>
		<description>Because I think you're misreading the precedent.  The right is not to effective assistance of counsel in the abstract.  The right is to have your conviction overturned if IAC caused the defendant harm, i.e., resulted in a result that was not reliable.  Here, we have a result that IS reliable.  Ergo, no claim.   

You can criticize this as overly formalistic, but the bottom line is that to rule for the defendant in Hoffman would be a significant expansion.  The right to effective assistance is to make sure that defendants get fair trials (and when I say trials, i mean all of the pretrial crap going along with it, e.g., suppression, alibi etc.) or plead guilty with their eyes open.  When a defendant fails to accept a plea and then claims IAC (to say nothing of his "having his cake and eating it too"--i.e., he got to roll the dice at trial, and he got a good deal) and gets a fair trial, then he has gotten what was promised him by the constitution, i.e., a reliable determination of guilt, which is all the Constitution promises.  Remember, you have to prove more than simply ineffective rep--you have to prove harm, and the harm has to go to the reliability of the judgment.  Here, there's none of that.

I seem to recall earlier that you were quite sure of yourself.  I sense some slippage.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Because I think you&#8217;re misreading the precedent.  The right is not to effective assistance of counsel in the abstract.  The right is to have your conviction overturned if IAC caused the defendant harm, i.e., resulted in a result that was not reliable.  Here, we have a result that IS reliable.  Ergo, no claim.   </p>
<p>You can criticize this as overly formalistic, but the bottom line is that to rule for the defendant in Hoffman would be a significant expansion.  The right to effective assistance is to make sure that defendants get fair trials (and when I say trials, i mean all of the pretrial crap going along with it, e.g., suppression, alibi etc.) or plead guilty with their eyes open.  When a defendant fails to accept a plea and then claims IAC (to say nothing of his &#8220;having his cake and eating it too&#8221;&#8211;i.e., he got to roll the dice at trial, and he got a good deal) and gets a fair trial, then he has gotten what was promised him by the constitution, i.e., a reliable determination of guilt, which is all the Constitution promises.  Remember, you have to prove more than simply ineffective rep&#8211;you have to prove harm, and the harm has to go to the reliability of the judgment.  Here, there&#8217;s none of that.</p>
<p>I seem to recall earlier that you were quite sure of yourself.  I sense some slippage.</p>
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		<title>By: Gideon</title>
		<link>http://apublicdefender.com/2007/11/05/iac-during-plea-bargaining/#comment-7830</link>
		<dc:creator>Gideon</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 06 Nov 2007 19:48:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://apublicdefender.com/2007/11/05/iac-during-plea-bargaining/#comment-7830</guid>
		<description>[quote comment="7824"]remember, in this case, the finding of guilt was reliable, as it was the result of a fair trial . . . .

That makes it inapposite to a case where the lawyer told the criminal to take a plea.

Thus, I think it difficult to get around the quotes in Cronic.[/quote]

However, there is a question as to whether there should have been a trial in the first place. I don't think the 6th Amendment jurisprudence restricts effective assistance only during a trial. I understand your quoting Cronic, but why don't you think a defendant would be entitled to effective representation during the pre-trial stages?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[quote comment="7824"]remember, in this case, the finding of guilt was reliable, as it was the result of a fair trial . . . .</p>
<p>That makes it inapposite to a case where the lawyer told the criminal to take a plea.</p>
<p>Thus, I think it difficult to get around the quotes in Cronic.[/quote]</p>
<p>However, there is a question as to whether there should have been a trial in the first place. I don&#8217;t think the 6th Amendment jurisprudence restricts effective assistance only during a trial. I understand your quoting Cronic, but why don&#8217;t you think a defendant would be entitled to effective representation during the pre-trial stages?</p>
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		<title>By: SPO</title>
		<link>http://apublicdefender.com/2007/11/05/iac-during-plea-bargaining/#comment-7824</link>
		<dc:creator>SPO</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 06 Nov 2007 18:35:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://apublicdefender.com/2007/11/05/iac-during-plea-bargaining/#comment-7824</guid>
		<description>remember, in this case, the finding of guilt was reliable, as it was the result of a fair trial . . . .

That makes it inapposite to a case where the lawyer told the criminal to take a plea.  

Thus, I think it difficult to get around the quotes in Cronic.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>remember, in this case, the finding of guilt was reliable, as it was the result of a fair trial . . . .</p>
<p>That makes it inapposite to a case where the lawyer told the criminal to take a plea.  </p>
<p>Thus, I think it difficult to get around the quotes in Cronic.</p>
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		<title>By: Gideon</title>
		<link>http://apublicdefender.com/2007/11/05/iac-during-plea-bargaining/#comment-7822</link>
		<dc:creator>Gideon</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 06 Nov 2007 18:05:15 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://apublicdefender.com/2007/11/05/iac-during-plea-bargaining/#comment-7822</guid>
		<description>[quote comment="7820"]Here's another quote from Cronic:

"Apart from circumstances of that magnitude, however, there is generally no basis for finding a Sixth Amendment violation unless the accused can show how specific errors of counsel undermined the reliability of the finding of guilt."[/quote]

That quote does not talk about the finding of guilt after trial. A finding of guilt can also be via a plea of guilty.

I've updated my post to reflect more. There's a history of jurisprudence holding that the plea bargaining process is a critical stage and that a defendant is entitled to effective assistance during &lt;i&gt;all&lt;/i&gt; stages of a criminal proceeding, not just a trial.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[quote comment="7820"]Here&#8217;s another quote from Cronic:</p>
<p>&#8220;Apart from circumstances of that magnitude, however, there is generally no basis for finding a Sixth Amendment violation unless the accused can show how specific errors of counsel undermined the reliability of the finding of guilt.&#8221;[/quote]</p>
<p>That quote does not talk about the finding of guilt after trial. A finding of guilt can also be via a plea of guilty.</p>
<p>I&#8217;ve updated my post to reflect more. There&#8217;s a history of jurisprudence holding that the plea bargaining process is a critical stage and that a defendant is entitled to effective assistance during <i>all</i> stages of a criminal proceeding, not just a trial.</p>
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